Esta seção discutirá o operador lógico NOT (!) na linguagem de programação C. Como já sabemos, o operador lógico é usado para realizar a operação lógica combinando duas ou mais condições nas expressões fornecidas. Se as condições lógicas dos operandos forem verdadeiras, o operador retorna valores booleanos verdadeiros ou 1. Caso contrário, retorna um valor booleano falso ou 0. Os operadores lógicos são classificados em três partes: Operadores lógicos AND, OU lógicos e NOT lógicos.
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O operador lógico AND é usado para verificar se as condições de dois ou mais operandos restantes são verdadeiras em uma determinada expressão; o operador AND retorna um valor verdadeiro ou diferente de zero (1). Caso contrário, ele retorna um valor falso ou 0. Portanto, podemos dizer que o operador lógico AND pode funcionar apenas em uma expressão quando as condições de ambos os operandos são verdadeiras, e se alguma condição não for verdadeira, ele retorna 0. O operador lógico AND é representado como o símbolo de e comercial duplo '&&'.
Sintaxe:
(A > b && b > c)
O operador lógico OR é usado para verificar as condições de ambos os operandos (A e B) e, se um dos operandos ou expressões for verdadeiro, o operador retorna um valor booleano verdadeiro. Da mesma forma, se nenhuma das expressões for verdadeira, retorna um valor falso ou zero. O operador lógico OR é denotado como a barra vertical dupla '||' símbolo.
Sintaxe:
(A > B) || (A <c) < pre> <h3>Logical NOT operator</h3> <p>The logical NOT operator is represented as the '!' symbol, which is used to reverse the result of any given expression or condition. If the result of an expression is non-zero or true, the result will be reversed as zero or false value. Similarly, if the condition's result is false or 0, the NOT operator reverses the result and returns 1 or true.</p> <p>For example, suppose the user enters a non-zero value is 5, the logical NOT (!) operator returns the 0 or false Boolean value. And if the user enters a zero (0) value, the operator returns the true Boolean value or 1. </p> <p> <strong>Syntax of the logical NOT operator</strong> </p> <pre> ! (condition); // It '!' represents the NOT operator </pre> <p>Here, the '!' symbol represents the logical NOT operator, which inverses the result of the given condition.</p> <h3>The truth table of the logical NOT operator:</h3> <p>Following is the truth table of the logical not operator in C</p> <pre> condition !(condition) 1 0 0 1 </pre> <h3>Example 1: Program to use the logical NOT operator in C</h3> <p>Let's create a simple program to reverse the given condition of the operands in the C programming language.</p> <pre> /* demonstration the use of the logical not operator in C. */ #include #include int main () { // declare an initialize x variable int x = 5; // display the result generated using the NOT (!) operator printf (' The return value = %d
', ! (x == 5)); printf (' The return value = %d
', ! (x != 5)); printf (' The return value = %d
', ! (x >= 3)); printf (' The return value = %d
', ! (x <3)); return 0; } < pre> <p> <strong>Output:</strong> </p> <pre> The return value = 0 The return value = 1 The return value = 0 The return value = 1 </pre> <p>In the above program, we use the NOT (!) operator to reverse the result of the various expression, such as the condition of the variable x is equal to 5, which is true. Still, the NOT operator reverses the result and returns 0. Similarly, we defined the condition (x!=5), but the logical operator changed its result and returned 1 and so on.</p> <h3>Example 2: Program to input a number to perform the logical NOT operator</h3> <p>Let's create a simple program to get the reverse result of an integer number using the logical NOT (!) operator in the C programming language.</p> <pre> /* demonstration the use of the logical not operator in C. */ #include #include int main () { // declare an initialize x variable int x, n; printf (' Enter the number: '); scanf ('%d', &x); n = !x; // use logical not operator to reverse the condition printf (' The result of x: %d', n); // display the result return 0; } </pre> <p> <strong>Output:</strong> </p> <pre> Enter the number: 7 The result of x: 0 </pre> <p>In the above program, we input an integer number 7 from the user and store it into x variable. After that, the logical NOT (!) operator reverses the value of x (non-zero) and returns zero (0) to print the result of x.</p> <p> <strong>2<sup>nd</sup> execution:</strong> </p> <pre> Enter the number: 0 The result of x: 1 </pre> <p>Similarly, we input zero (0) from the user and use the logical NOT (!) operator to reverse the value of x to a non-zero value, which is 1.</p> <h3>Example 3: Program to find the leap year using the logical AND (&&), OR (||), and NOT (!) operator</h3> <p>Let's write a simple program to check whether the given year is a leap or not using the logical AND (&&), logical OR (||), and the logical NOT (!) operator in the C language.</p> <pre> #include #include int main () { int yr; // declare int type variable printf (' Enter the year: '); scanf ('%d', &yr); // use the if..else statement to check the condition /* '&&' (AND) operator to validate both operand, '||' (OR) operator check ny given expressions are true, '!' (NOT) check the result of (yr % 100 != 0). */ if ( (yr % 400 == 0) || (yr % 4 == 0 && yr % 100 != 0)) { printf (' %d is a leap year.
', yr); } else { printf (' %d is not a leap year.
', yr); } return 0; } </pre> <p> <strong>Output:</strong> </p> <pre> Enter the year: 2020 2020 is a leap year. </pre> <p>In the above program, we enter 2020 and then check the given year by defining the if...else statement. In this statement, we defined two conditions;</p> <ol class="points"> <li>The given year is divided by 400, which is equal to 0. And then, we use the logical OR operator to check whether the left or right operand condition is true.</li> <li>In the second condition, the given year is divided by 4 and 100. But when we divide 2020 with 4, which is equal to 0. Similarly, we divide the year 2020 by 100, which is also not equal to 0. So, both the conditions are true that display the '2020 is a leap year'.</li> <li>But when we enter the year 2021, it prints the given result '2021 is not a leap year'.</li> </ol> <p> <strong>2<sup>nd</sup> execution:</strong> </p> <pre> Enter the year: 2021 2021 is not a leap year. </pre> <p> <strong>Example 4: Program to check different conditions using the AND, OR, and the NOT logical operator</strong> </p> <p>Let's write a program to demonstrate the multiple conditions of the given operands using the AND, OR, and the NOT logical operator in C.</p> <pre> /* program to check the various condition using the logical NOT operator in c. */ #include #include int main () { // declare and initialize variables int a = 20, b = 15; int n1 = 15, n2 = 17; // use logical 'AND' and logical 'NOT' operator if (a > b && a != 0) { printf (' The AND (&&) operator said: Both conditions are true.
'); } // use logical 'OR' and logical 'NOT' operator if (n1 > n2 || n2 != 15) if ( ! (a > b && a != 0 )) { printf (' The NOT (!) operator: Here both conditions are true.
'); } else { printf (' The NOT (!) operator: Here, both conditions are true. ' ' But, the status of the condition is reversed as false.
'); } return 0; } </pre> <p> <strong>Output:</strong> </p> <pre> The AND (&&) operator is said: Both conditions are true. The OR (||) operator is said: Only one condition is true. The NOT (!) operator: Here, both conditions are true. But, the status of the condition is reversed as false. </pre> <hr></3));></pre></c)> Aqui o '!' o símbolo representa o operador lógico NOT, que inverte o resultado da condição fornecida.
A tabela verdade do operador lógico NOT:
A seguir está a tabela verdade do operador lógico not em C
condition !(condition) 1 0 0 1
Exemplo 1: Programa para usar o operador lógico NOT em C
Vamos criar um programa simples para reverter a condição dada dos operandos na linguagem de programação C.
/* demonstration the use of the logical not operator in C. */ #include #include int main () { // declare an initialize x variable int x = 5; // display the result generated using the NOT (!) operator printf (' The return value = %d
', ! (x == 5)); printf (' The return value = %d
', ! (x != 5)); printf (' The return value = %d
', ! (x >= 3)); printf (' The return value = %d
', ! (x <3)); return 0; } < pre> <p> <strong>Output:</strong> </p> <pre> The return value = 0 The return value = 1 The return value = 0 The return value = 1 </pre> <p>In the above program, we use the NOT (!) operator to reverse the result of the various expression, such as the condition of the variable x is equal to 5, which is true. Still, the NOT operator reverses the result and returns 0. Similarly, we defined the condition (x!=5), but the logical operator changed its result and returned 1 and so on.</p> <h3>Example 2: Program to input a number to perform the logical NOT operator</h3> <p>Let's create a simple program to get the reverse result of an integer number using the logical NOT (!) operator in the C programming language.</p> <pre> /* demonstration the use of the logical not operator in C. */ #include #include int main () { // declare an initialize x variable int x, n; printf (' Enter the number: '); scanf ('%d', &x); n = !x; // use logical not operator to reverse the condition printf (' The result of x: %d', n); // display the result return 0; } </pre> <p> <strong>Output:</strong> </p> <pre> Enter the number: 7 The result of x: 0 </pre> <p>In the above program, we input an integer number 7 from the user and store it into x variable. After that, the logical NOT (!) operator reverses the value of x (non-zero) and returns zero (0) to print the result of x.</p> <p> <strong>2<sup>nd</sup> execution:</strong> </p> <pre> Enter the number: 0 The result of x: 1 </pre> <p>Similarly, we input zero (0) from the user and use the logical NOT (!) operator to reverse the value of x to a non-zero value, which is 1.</p> <h3>Example 3: Program to find the leap year using the logical AND (&&), OR (||), and NOT (!) operator</h3> <p>Let's write a simple program to check whether the given year is a leap or not using the logical AND (&&), logical OR (||), and the logical NOT (!) operator in the C language.</p> <pre> #include #include int main () { int yr; // declare int type variable printf (' Enter the year: '); scanf ('%d', &yr); // use the if..else statement to check the condition /* '&&' (AND) operator to validate both operand, '||' (OR) operator check ny given expressions are true, '!' (NOT) check the result of (yr % 100 != 0). */ if ( (yr % 400 == 0) || (yr % 4 == 0 && yr % 100 != 0)) { printf (' %d is a leap year.
', yr); } else { printf (' %d is not a leap year.
', yr); } return 0; } </pre> <p> <strong>Output:</strong> </p> <pre> Enter the year: 2020 2020 is a leap year. </pre> <p>In the above program, we enter 2020 and then check the given year by defining the if...else statement. In this statement, we defined two conditions;</p> <ol class="points"> <li>The given year is divided by 400, which is equal to 0. And then, we use the logical OR operator to check whether the left or right operand condition is true.</li> <li>In the second condition, the given year is divided by 4 and 100. But when we divide 2020 with 4, which is equal to 0. Similarly, we divide the year 2020 by 100, which is also not equal to 0. So, both the conditions are true that display the '2020 is a leap year'.</li> <li>But when we enter the year 2021, it prints the given result '2021 is not a leap year'.</li> </ol> <p> <strong>2<sup>nd</sup> execution:</strong> </p> <pre> Enter the year: 2021 2021 is not a leap year. </pre> <p> <strong>Example 4: Program to check different conditions using the AND, OR, and the NOT logical operator</strong> </p> <p>Let's write a program to demonstrate the multiple conditions of the given operands using the AND, OR, and the NOT logical operator in C.</p> <pre> /* program to check the various condition using the logical NOT operator in c. */ #include #include int main () { // declare and initialize variables int a = 20, b = 15; int n1 = 15, n2 = 17; // use logical 'AND' and logical 'NOT' operator if (a > b && a != 0) { printf (' The AND (&&) operator said: Both conditions are true.
'); } // use logical 'OR' and logical 'NOT' operator if (n1 > n2 || n2 != 15) if ( ! (a > b && a != 0 )) { printf (' The NOT (!) operator: Here both conditions are true.
'); } else { printf (' The NOT (!) operator: Here, both conditions are true. ' ' But, the status of the condition is reversed as false.
'); } return 0; } </pre> <p> <strong>Output:</strong> </p> <pre> The AND (&&) operator is said: Both conditions are true. The OR (||) operator is said: Only one condition is true. The NOT (!) operator: Here, both conditions are true. But, the status of the condition is reversed as false. </pre> <hr></3));> No programa acima, usamos o operador NOT (!) para reverter o resultado das diversas expressões, como a condição da variável x ser igual a 5, o que é verdadeiro. Ainda assim, o operador NOT inverte o resultado e retorna 0. Da mesma forma, definimos a condição (x!=5), mas o operador lógico alterou seu resultado e retornou 1 e assim por diante.
Exemplo 2: Programa para inserir um número para executar o operador lógico NOT
Vamos criar um programa simples para obter o resultado reverso de um número inteiro usando o operador lógico NOT (!) na linguagem de programação C.
/* demonstration the use of the logical not operator in C. */ #include #include int main () { // declare an initialize x variable int x, n; printf (' Enter the number: '); scanf ('%d', &x); n = !x; // use logical not operator to reverse the condition printf (' The result of x: %d', n); // display the result return 0; } Saída:
Enter the number: 7 The result of x: 0
No programa acima, inserimos um número inteiro 7 do usuário e o armazenamos na variável x. Depois disso, o operador lógico NOT (!) inverte o valor de x (diferente de zero) e retorna zero (0) para imprimir o resultado de x.
2eexecução:
Enter the number: 0 The result of x: 1
Da mesma forma, inserimos zero (0) do usuário e usamos o operador lógico NOT (!) para reverter o valor de x para um valor diferente de zero, que é 1.
Exemplo 3: Programa para encontrar o ano bissexto usando o operador lógico AND (&&), OR (||) e NOT (!)
Vamos escrever um programa simples para verificar se um determinado ano é bissexto ou não usando o operador lógico AND (&&), OR lógico (||) e o operador lógico NOT (!) na linguagem C.
#include #include int main () { int yr; // declare int type variable printf (' Enter the year: '); scanf ('%d', &yr); // use the if..else statement to check the condition /* '&&' (AND) operator to validate both operand, '||' (OR) operator check ny given expressions are true, '!' (NOT) check the result of (yr % 100 != 0). */ if ( (yr % 400 == 0) || (yr % 4 == 0 && yr % 100 != 0)) { printf (' %d is a leap year.
', yr); } else { printf (' %d is not a leap year.
', yr); } return 0; } Saída:
Enter the year: 2020 2020 is a leap year.
No programa acima, entramos em 2020 e, em seguida, verificamos o ano determinado definindo a instrução if...else. Nesta declaração, definimos duas condições;
- O ano determinado é dividido por 400, que é igual a 0. E então, usamos o operador lógico OR para verificar se a condição do operando esquerdo ou direito é verdadeira.
- Na segunda condição, o ano determinado é dividido por 4 e 100. Mas quando dividimos 2020 por 4, que é igual a 0. Da mesma forma, dividimos o ano de 2020 por 100, que também não é igual a 0. Então, ambos são verdadeiras as condições que mostram que '2020 é um ano bissexto'.
- Mas quando entramos no ano de 2021, imprime o resultado dado ‘2021 não é um ano bissexto’.
2eexecução:
Enter the year: 2021 2021 is not a leap year.
Exemplo 4: Programa para verificar diferentes condições usando o operador lógico AND, OR e NOT
Vamos escrever um programa para demonstrar as múltiplas condições dos operandos fornecidos usando o operador lógico AND, OR e NOT em C.
/* program to check the various condition using the logical NOT operator in c. */ #include #include int main () { // declare and initialize variables int a = 20, b = 15; int n1 = 15, n2 = 17; // use logical 'AND' and logical 'NOT' operator if (a > b && a != 0) { printf (' The AND (&&) operator said: Both conditions are true.
'); } // use logical 'OR' and logical 'NOT' operator if (n1 > n2 || n2 != 15) if ( ! (a > b && a != 0 )) { printf (' The NOT (!) operator: Here both conditions are true.
'); } else { printf (' The NOT (!) operator: Here, both conditions are true. ' ' But, the status of the condition is reversed as false.
'); } return 0; } Saída:
The AND (&&) operator is said: Both conditions are true. The OR (||) operator is said: Only one condition is true. The NOT (!) operator: Here, both conditions are true. But, the status of the condition is reversed as false.