Dado um array contendo números de um dígito, assumindo apenas que estamos no primeiro índice, precisamos chegar ao final do array usando um número mínimo de etapas onde em uma etapa podemos pular para índices vizinhos ou podemos pular para uma posição com o mesmo valor.
Em outras palavras, se estivermos no índice i, então em uma etapa você pode chegar a arr[i-1] ou arr[i+1] ou arr[K] tal que arr[K] = arr[i] (o valor de arr[K] é o mesmo que arr[i])
Exemplos:
Input : arr[] = {5 4 2 5 0} Output : 2 Explanation : Total 2 step required. We start from 5(0) in first step jump to next 5 and in second step we move to value 0 (End of arr[]). Input : arr[] = [0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 5 4 3 6 0 1 2 3 4 5 7] Output : 5 Explanation : Total 5 step required. 0(0) -> 0(12) -> 6(11) -> 6(6) -> 7(7) -> (18) (inside parenthesis indices are shown) Este problema pode ser resolvido usando BFS . Podemos considerar o array fornecido como um gráfico não ponderado, onde cada vértice tem duas arestas para os elementos do array seguinte e anterior e mais arestas para os elementos do array com os mesmos valores. Agora, para processamento rápido do terceiro tipo de arestas, mantemos 10 vetores que armazenam todos os índices onde os dígitos de 0 a 9 estão presentes. No exemplo acima, o vetor correspondente a 0 armazenará [0 12] 2 índices onde 0 ocorreu em determinado array.
Outro array booleano é usado para que não visitemos o mesmo índice mais de uma vez. Como estamos usando BFS e BFS, os rendimentos nível por nível são garantidos.
Implementação:
C++// C++ program to find minimum jumps to reach end // of array #include
// Java program to find minimum jumps // to reach end of array import java.util.*; class GFG { // Method returns minimum step // to reach end of array static int getMinStepToReachEnd(int arr[] int N) { // visit boolean array checks whether // current index is previously visited boolean []visit = new boolean[N]; // distance array stores distance of // current index from starting index int []distance = new int[N]; // digit vector stores indices where a // particular number resides Vector<Integer> []digit = new Vector[10]; for(int i = 0; i < 10; i++) digit[i] = new Vector<>(); // In starting all index are unvisited for(int i = 0; i < N; i++) visit[i] = false; // storing indices of each number // in digit vector for (int i = 1; i < N; i++) digit[arr[i]].add(i); // for starting index distance will be zero distance[0] = 0; visit[0] = true; // Creating a queue and inserting index 0. Queue<Integer> q = new LinkedList<>(); q.add(0); // loop until queue in not empty while(!q.isEmpty()) { // Get an item from queue q. int idx = q.peek(); q.remove(); // If we reached to last // index break from loop if (idx == N - 1) break; // Find value of dequeued index int d = arr[idx]; // looping for all indices with value as d. for (int i = 0; i < digit[d].size(); i++) { int nextidx = digit[d].get(i); if (!visit[nextidx]) { visit[nextidx] = true; q.add(nextidx); // update the distance of this nextidx distance[nextidx] = distance[idx] + 1; } } // clear all indices for digit d // because all of them are processed digit[d].clear(); // checking condition for previous index if (idx - 1 >= 0 && !visit[idx - 1]) { visit[idx - 1] = true; q.add(idx - 1); distance[idx - 1] = distance[idx] + 1; } // checking condition for next index if (idx + 1 < N && !visit[idx + 1]) { visit[idx + 1] = true; q.add(idx + 1); distance[idx + 1] = distance[idx] + 1; } } // N-1th position has the final result return distance[N - 1]; } // Driver Code public static void main(String []args) { int arr[] = {0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 5 4 3 6 0 1 2 3 4 5 7}; int N = arr.length; System.out.println(getMinStepToReachEnd(arr N)); } } // This code is contributed by 29AjayKumar
# Python 3 program to find minimum jumps to reach end# of array # Method returns minimum step to reach end of array def getMinStepToReachEnd(arrN): # visit boolean array checks whether current index # is previously visited visit = [False for i in range(N)] # distance array stores distance of current # index from starting index distance = [0 for i in range(N)] # digit vector stores indices where a # particular number resides digit = [[0 for i in range(N)] for j in range(10)] # storing indices of each number in digit vector for i in range(1N): digit[arr[i]].append(i) # for starting index distance will be zero distance[0] = 0 visit[0] = True # Creating a queue and inserting index 0. q = [] q.append(0) # loop until queue in not empty while(len(q)> 0): # Get an item from queue q. idx = q[0] q.remove(q[0]) # If we reached to last index break from loop if (idx == N-1): break # Find value of dequeued index d = arr[idx] # looping for all indices with value as d. for i in range(len(digit[d])): nextidx = digit[d][i] if (visit[nextidx] == False): visit[nextidx] = True q.append(nextidx) # update the distance of this nextidx distance[nextidx] = distance[idx] + 1 # clear all indices for digit d because all # of them are processed # checking condition for previous index if (idx-1 >= 0 and visit[idx - 1] == False): visit[idx - 1] = True q.append(idx - 1) distance[idx - 1] = distance[idx] + 1 # checking condition for next index if (idx + 1 < N and visit[idx + 1] == False): visit[idx + 1] = True q.append(idx + 1) distance[idx + 1] = distance[idx] + 1 # N-1th position has the final result return distance[N - 1] # driver code to test above methods if __name__ == '__main__': arr = [0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 5 4 3 6 0 1 2 3 4 5 7] N = len(arr) print(getMinStepToReachEnd(arr N)) # This code is contributed by # Surendra_Gangwar
// C# program to find minimum jumps // to reach end of array using System; using System.Collections.Generic; class GFG { // Method returns minimum step // to reach end of array static int getMinStepToReachEnd(int []arr int N) { // visit boolean array checks whether // current index is previously visited bool []visit = new bool[N]; // distance array stores distance of // current index from starting index int []distance = new int[N]; // digit vector stores indices where a // particular number resides List<int> []digit = new List<int>[10]; for(int i = 0; i < 10; i++) digit[i] = new List<int>(); // In starting all index are unvisited for(int i = 0; i < N; i++) visit[i] = false; // storing indices of each number // in digit vector for (int i = 1; i < N; i++) digit[arr[i]].Add(i); // for starting index distance will be zero distance[0] = 0; visit[0] = true; // Creating a queue and inserting index 0. Queue<int> q = new Queue<int>(); q.Enqueue(0); // loop until queue in not empty while(q.Count != 0) { // Get an item from queue q. int idx = q.Peek(); q.Dequeue(); // If we reached to last // index break from loop if (idx == N - 1) break; // Find value of dequeued index int d = arr[idx]; // looping for all indices with value as d. for (int i = 0; i < digit[d].Count; i++) { int nextidx = digit[d][i]; if (!visit[nextidx]) { visit[nextidx] = true; q.Enqueue(nextidx); // update the distance of this nextidx distance[nextidx] = distance[idx] + 1; } } // clear all indices for digit d // because all of them are processed digit[d].Clear(); // checking condition for previous index if (idx - 1 >= 0 && !visit[idx - 1]) { visit[idx - 1] = true; q.Enqueue(idx - 1); distance[idx - 1] = distance[idx] + 1; } // checking condition for next index if (idx + 1 < N && !visit[idx + 1]) { visit[idx + 1] = true; q.Enqueue(idx + 1); distance[idx + 1] = distance[idx] + 1; } } // N-1th position has the final result return distance[N - 1]; } // Driver Code public static void Main(String []args) { int []arr = {0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 5 4 3 6 0 1 2 3 4 5 7}; int N = arr.Length; Console.WriteLine(getMinStepToReachEnd(arr N)); } } // This code is contributed by PrinciRaj1992
<script> // Javascript program to find minimum jumps // to reach end of array // Method returns minimum step // to reach end of array function getMinStepToReachEnd(arrN) { // visit boolean array checks whether // current index is previously visited let visit = new Array(N); // distance array stores distance of // current index from starting index let distance = new Array(N); // digit vector stores indices where a // particular number resides let digit = new Array(10); for(let i = 0; i < 10; i++) digit[i] = []; // In starting all index are unvisited for(let i = 0; i < N; i++) visit[i] = false; // storing indices of each number // in digit vector for (let i = 1; i < N; i++) digit[arr[i]].push(i); // for starting index distance will be zero distance[0] = 0; visit[0] = true; // Creating a queue and inserting index 0. let q = []; q.push(0); // loop until queue in not empty while(q.length!=0) { // Get an item from queue q. let idx = q.shift(); // If we reached to last // index break from loop if (idx == N - 1) break; // Find value of dequeued index let d = arr[idx]; // looping for all indices with value as d. for (let i = 0; i < digit[d].length; i++) { let nextidx = digit[d][i]; if (!visit[nextidx]) { visit[nextidx] = true; q.push(nextidx); // update the distance of this nextidx distance[nextidx] = distance[idx] + 1; } } // clear all indices for digit d // because all of them are processed digit[d]=[]; // checking condition for previous index if (idx - 1 >= 0 && !visit[idx - 1]) { visit[idx - 1] = true; q.push(idx - 1); distance[idx - 1] = distance[idx] + 1; } // checking condition for next index if (idx + 1 < N && !visit[idx + 1]) { visit[idx + 1] = true; q.push(idx + 1); distance[idx + 1] = distance[idx] + 1; } } // N-1th position has the final result return distance[N - 1]; } // Driver Code let arr=[0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 5 4 3 6 0 1 2 3 4 5 7]; let N = arr.length; document.write(getMinStepToReachEnd(arr N)); // This code is contributed by rag2127 </script>
Saída
5
Complexidade de tempo: O(N) onde N é o número de elementos na matriz.
Complexidade Espacial: O(N) onde N é o número de elementos na matriz. Estamos usando um array de distância e visita de tamanho N e uma fila de tamanho N para armazenar os índices do array.